Calculations triggered by DataManagement jobs are likely using Custom Calculation functions, so in those functions you could check the status of the workflow before you perform the action. You might have to pass the workflow coordinates (profile, scenario, period) to the functions as parameters.
Also consider that there is a Manage Data Group property on the Scenario, and anyone not in that group won't be able to run DM jobs targeting that Scenario. Obviously it's not a solution if users do need to run those calculations at some point, but it's an option if the functionality can be removed from them altogether.
