How to call Data Adapter in a Business Rule?

Yes you can call a Data Adapter using this method:
brapi.Dashboards.Process.GetAdoDataSetForAdapter

This is a snippet from which you should be able to adapt for your purposes, so you can get time-sorted pivot tables/pivot grids.

Dim dctVars As New Dictionary(Of String, String)
dctVars.Add("Cube", "MyCubeName")
dctVars.Add("Entity", "E1001")
dctVars.Add("SomeOtherParamX", "XXXX")
dctVars.Add("SomeOtherParamY", "YYYY")

Using ds As DataSet = brapi.Dashboards.Process.GetAdoDataSetForAdapter(si, False, "AdapterName", "ResultsTable", dctVars)
    If ds.Tables.Count > 0 Then ' -- If there are >0 tables in the results
        Using dt As DataTable = ds.Tables(0).Copy()

            For Each dr As DataRow In dt.Rows
                Dim strTime As String = dr("Time").ToString()
                If strTime.Length = 6 Then
                    ' convert e.g. 2022M1 to 2022M01
                    strTime = strTime.Substring(0, 5) & "0" & strTime.Substring(5, 1)
                    dr("Time") = strTime
                End If
            Next

            Return dt ' --- return this modified table to the BI Analytics component

        End Using
    End If
End Using